import hashlib
import hmac
import typing as _t
from .encoding import _base64_alphabet
from .encoding import base64_decode
from .encoding import base64_encode
from .encoding import want_bytes
from .exc import BadSignature
_t_str_bytes = _t.Union[str, bytes]
_t_opt_str_bytes = _t.Optional[_t_str_bytes]
_t_secret_key = _t.Union[_t.Iterable[_t_str_bytes], _t_str_bytes]
class SigningAlgorithm:
"""Subclasses must implement :meth:`get_signature` to provide
signature generation functionality.
"""
def get_signature(self, key: bytes, value: bytes) -> bytes:
"""Returns the signature for the given key and value."""
raise NotImplementedError()
def verify_signature(self, key: bytes, value: bytes, sig: bytes) -> bool:
"""Verifies the given signature matches the expected
signature.
"""
return hmac.compare_digest(sig, self.get_signature(key, value))
class NoneAlgorithm(SigningAlgorithm):
"""Provides an algorithm that does not perform any signing and
returns an empty signature.
"""
def get_signature(self, key: bytes, value: bytes) -> bytes:
return b""
class HMACAlgorithm(SigningAlgorithm):
"""Provides signature generation using HMACs."""
#: The digest method to use with the MAC algorithm. This defaults to
#: SHA1, but can be changed to any other function in the hashlib
#: module.
default_digest_method: _t.Any = staticmethod(hashlib.sha1)
def __init__(self, digest_method: _t.Any = None):
if digest_method is None:
digest_method = self.default_digest_method
self.digest_method: _t.Any = digest_method
def get_signature(self, key: bytes, value: bytes) -> bytes:
mac = hmac.new(key, msg=value, digestmod=self.digest_method)
return mac.digest()
def _make_keys_list(secret_key: _t_secret_key) -> _t.List[bytes]:
if isinstance(secret_key, (str, bytes)):
return [want_bytes(secret_key)]
return [want_bytes(s) for s in secret_key]
class Signer:
"""A signer securely signs bytes, then unsigns them to verify that
the value hasn't been changed.
The secret key should be a random string of ``bytes`` and should not
be saved to code or version control. Different salts should be used
to distinguish signing in different contexts. See :doc:`/concepts`
for information about the security of the secret key and salt.
:param secret_key: The secret key to sign and verify with. Can be a
list of keys, oldest to newest, to support key rotation.
:param salt: Extra key to combine with ``secret_key`` to distinguish
signatures in different contexts.
:param sep: Separator between the signature and value.
:param key_derivation: How to derive the signing key from the secret
key and salt. Possible values are ``concat``, ``django-concat``,
or ``hmac``. Defaults to :attr:`default_key_derivation`, which
defaults to ``django-concat``.
:param digest_method: Hash function to use when generating the HMAC
signature. Defaults to :attr:`default_digest_method`, which
defaults to :func:`hashlib.sha1`. Note that the security of the
hash alone doesn't apply when used intermediately in HMAC.
:param algorithm: A :class:`SigningAlgorithm` instance to use
instead of building a default :class:`HMACAlgorithm` with the
``digest_method``.
.. versionchanged:: 2.0
Added support for key rotation by passing a list to
``secret_key``.
.. versionchanged:: 0.18
``algorithm`` was added as an argument to the class constructor.
.. versionchanged:: 0.14
``key_derivation`` and ``digest_method`` were added as arguments
to the class constructor.
"""
#: The default digest method to use for the signer. The default is
#: :func:`hashlib.sha1`, but can be changed to any :mod:`hashlib` or
#: compatible object. Note that the security of the hash alone
#: doesn't apply when used intermediately in HMAC.
#:
#: .. versionadded:: 0.14
default_digest_method: _t.Any = staticmethod(hashlib.sha1)
#: The default scheme to use to derive the signing key from the
#: secret key and salt. The default is ``django-concat``. Possible
#: values are ``concat``, ``django-concat``, and ``hmac``.
#:
#: .. versionadded:: 0.14
default_key_derivation: str = "django-concat"
def __init__(
self,
secret_key: _t_secret_key,
salt: _t_opt_str_bytes = b"itsdangerous.Signer",
sep: _t_str_bytes = b".",
key_derivation: _t.Optional[str] = None,
digest_method: _t.Optional[_t.Any] = None,
algorithm: _t.Optional[SigningAlgorithm] = None,
):
#: The list of secret keys to try for verifying signatures, from
#: oldest to newest. The newest (last) key is used for signing.
#:
#: This allows a key rotation system to keep a list of allowed
#: keys and remove expired ones.
self.secret_keys: _t.List[bytes] = _make_keys_list(secret_key)
self.sep: bytes = want_bytes(sep)
if self.sep in _base64_alphabet:
raise ValueError(
"The given separator cannot be used because it may be"
" contained in the signature itself. ASCII letters,"
" digits, and '-_=' must not be used."
)
if salt is not None:
salt = want_bytes(salt)
else:
salt = b"itsdangerous.Signer"
self.salt = salt
if key_derivation is None:
key_derivation = self.default_key_derivation
self.key_derivation: str = key_derivation
if digest_method is None:
digest_method = self.default_digest_method
self.digest_method: _t.Any = digest_method
if algorithm is None:
algorithm = HMACAlgorithm(self.digest_method)
self.algorithm: SigningAlgorithm = algorithm
@property
def secret_key(self) -> bytes:
"""The newest (last) entry in the :attr:`secret_keys` list. This
is for compatibility from before key rotation support was added.
"""
return self.secret_keys[-1]
def derive_key(self, secret_key: _t_opt_str_bytes = None) -> bytes:
"""This method is called to derive the key. The default key
derivation choices can be overridden here. Key derivation is not
intended to be used as a security method to make a complex key
out of a short password. Instead you should use large random
secret keys.
:param secret_key: A specific secret key to derive from.
Defaults to the last item in :attr:`secret_keys`.
.. versionchanged:: 2.0
Added the ``secret_key`` parameter.
"""
if secret_key is None:
secret_key = self.secret_keys[-1]
else:
secret_key = want_bytes(secret_key)
if self.key_derivation == "concat":
return _t.cast(bytes, self.digest_method(self.salt + secret_key).digest())
elif self.key_derivation == "django-concat":
return _t.cast(
bytes, self.digest_method(self.salt + b"signer" + secret_key).digest()
)
elif self.key_derivation == "hmac":
mac = hmac.new(secret_key, digestmod=self.digest_method)
mac.update(self.salt)
return mac.digest()
elif self.key_derivation == "none":
return secret_key
else:
raise TypeError("Unknown key derivation method")
def get_signature(self, value: _t_str_bytes) -> bytes:
"""Returns the signature for the given value."""
value = want_bytes(value)
key = self.derive_key()
sig = self.algorithm.get_signature(key, value)
return base64_encode(sig)
def sign(self, value: _t_str_bytes) -> bytes:
"""Signs the given string."""
value = want_bytes(value)
return value + self.sep + self.get_signature(value)
def verify_signature(self, value: _t_str_bytes, sig: _t_str_bytes) -> bool:
"""Verifies the signature for the given value."""
try:
sig = base64_decode(sig)
except Exception:
return False
value = want_bytes(value)
for secret_key in reversed(self.secret_keys):
key = self.derive_key(secret_key)
if self.algorithm.verify_signature(key, value, sig):
return True
return False
def unsign(self, signed_value: _t_str_bytes) -> bytes:
"""Unsigns the given string."""
signed_value = want_bytes(signed_value)
if self.sep not in signed_value:
raise BadSignature(f"No {self.sep!r} found in value")
value, sig = signed_value.rsplit(self.sep, 1)
if self.verify_signature(value, sig):
return value
raise BadSignature(f"Signature {sig!r} does not match", payload=value)
def validate(self, signed_value: _t_str_bytes) -> bool:
"""Only validates the given signed value. Returns ``True`` if
the signature exists and is valid.
"""
try:
self.unsign(signed_value)
return True
except BadSignature:
return False