from __future__ import annotations
import functools
import json
import typing as t
from io import BytesIO
from .._internal import _wsgi_decoding_dance
from ..datastructures import CombinedMultiDict
from ..datastructures import EnvironHeaders
from ..datastructures import FileStorage
from ..datastructures import ImmutableMultiDict
from ..datastructures import iter_multi_items
from ..datastructures import MultiDict
from ..exceptions import BadRequest
from ..exceptions import UnsupportedMediaType
from ..formparser import default_stream_factory
from ..formparser import FormDataParser
from ..sansio.request import Request as _SansIORequest
from ..utils import cached_property
from ..utils import environ_property
from ..wsgi import _get_server
from ..wsgi import get_input_stream
if t.TYPE_CHECKING:
from _typeshed.wsgi import WSGIApplication
from _typeshed.wsgi import WSGIEnvironment
class Request(_SansIORequest):
"""Represents an incoming WSGI HTTP request, with headers and body
taken from the WSGI environment. Has properties and methods for
using the functionality defined by various HTTP specs. The data in
requests object is read-only.
Text data is assumed to use UTF-8 encoding, which should be true for
the vast majority of modern clients. Using an encoding set by the
client is unsafe in Python due to extra encodings it provides, such
as ``zip``. To change the assumed encoding, subclass and replace
:attr:`charset`.
:param environ: The WSGI environ is generated by the WSGI server and
contains information about the server configuration and client
request.
:param populate_request: Add this request object to the WSGI environ
as ``environ['werkzeug.request']``. Can be useful when
debugging.
:param shallow: Makes reading from :attr:`stream` (and any method
that would read from it) raise a :exc:`RuntimeError`. Useful to
prevent consuming the form data in middleware, which would make
it unavailable to the final application.
.. versionchanged:: 3.0
The ``charset``, ``url_charset``, and ``encoding_errors`` parameters
were removed.
.. versionchanged:: 2.1
Old ``BaseRequest`` and mixin classes were removed.
.. versionchanged:: 2.1
Remove the ``disable_data_descriptor`` attribute.
.. versionchanged:: 2.0
Combine ``BaseRequest`` and mixins into a single ``Request``
class.
.. versionchanged:: 0.5
Read-only mode is enforced with immutable classes for all data.
"""
#: the maximum content length. This is forwarded to the form data
#: parsing function (:func:`parse_form_data`). When set and the
#: :attr:`form` or :attr:`files` attribute is accessed and the
#: parsing fails because more than the specified value is transmitted
#: a :exc:`~werkzeug.exceptions.RequestEntityTooLarge` exception is raised.
#:
#: .. versionadded:: 0.5
max_content_length: int | None = None
#: the maximum form field size. This is forwarded to the form data
#: parsing function (:func:`parse_form_data`). When set and the
#: :attr:`form` or :attr:`files` attribute is accessed and the
#: data in memory for post data is longer than the specified value a
#: :exc:`~werkzeug.exceptions.RequestEntityTooLarge` exception is raised.
#:
#: .. versionadded:: 0.5
max_form_memory_size: int | None = None
#: The maximum number of multipart parts to parse, passed to
#: :attr:`form_data_parser_class`. Parsing form data with more than this
#: many parts will raise :exc:`~.RequestEntityTooLarge`.
#:
#: .. versionadded:: 2.2.3
max_form_parts = 1000
#: The form data parser that should be used. Can be replaced to customize
#: the form date parsing.
form_data_parser_class: type[FormDataParser] = FormDataParser
#: The WSGI environment containing HTTP headers and information from
#: the WSGI server.
environ: WSGIEnvironment
#: Set when creating the request object. If ``True``, reading from
#: the request body will cause a ``RuntimeException``. Useful to
#: prevent modifying the stream from middleware.
shallow: bool
def __init__(
self,
environ: WSGIEnvironment,
populate_request: bool = True,
shallow: bool = False,
) -> None:
super().__init__(
method=environ.get("REQUEST_METHOD", "GET"),
scheme=environ.get("wsgi.url_scheme", "http"),
server=_get_server(environ),
root_path=_wsgi_decoding_dance(environ.get("SCRIPT_NAME") or ""),
path=_wsgi_decoding_dance(environ.get("PATH_INFO") or ""),
query_string=environ.get("QUERY_STRING", "").encode("latin1"),
headers=EnvironHeaders(environ),
remote_addr=environ.get("REMOTE_ADDR"),
)
self.environ = environ
self.shallow = shallow
if populate_request and not shallow:
self.environ["werkzeug.request"] = self
@classmethod
def from_values(cls, *args: t.Any, **kwargs: t.Any) -> Request:
"""Create a new request object based on the values provided. If
environ is given missing values are filled from there. This method is
useful for small scripts when you need to simulate a request from an URL.
Do not use this method for unittesting, there is a full featured client
object (:class:`Client`) that allows to create multipart requests,
support for cookies etc.
This accepts the same options as the
:class:`~werkzeug.test.EnvironBuilder`.
.. versionchanged:: 0.5
This method now accepts the same arguments as
:class:`~werkzeug.test.EnvironBuilder`. Because of this the
`environ` parameter is now called `environ_overrides`.
:return: request object
"""
from ..test import EnvironBuilder
builder = EnvironBuilder(*args, **kwargs)
try:
return builder.get_request(cls)
finally:
builder.close()
@classmethod
def application(cls, f: t.Callable[[Request], WSGIApplication]) -> WSGIApplication:
"""Decorate a function as responder that accepts the request as
the last argument. This works like the :func:`responder`
decorator but the function is passed the request object as the
last argument and the request object will be closed
automatically::
@Request.application
def my_wsgi_app(request):
return Response('Hello World!')
As of Werkzeug 0.14 HTTP exceptions are automatically caught and
converted to responses instead of failing.
:param f: the WSGI callable to decorate
:return: a new WSGI callable
"""
#: return a callable that wraps the -2nd argument with the request
#: and calls the function with all the arguments up to that one and
#: the request. The return value is then called with the latest
#: two arguments. This makes it possible to use this decorator for
#: both standalone WSGI functions as well as bound methods and
#: partially applied functions.
from ..exceptions import HTTPException
@functools.wraps(f)
def application(*args): # type: ignore
request = cls(args[-2])
with request:
try:
resp = f(*args[:-2] + (request,))
except HTTPException as e:
resp = e.get_response(args[-2])
return resp(*args[-2:])
return t.cast("WSGIApplication", application)
def _get_file_stream(
self,
total_content_length: int | None,
content_type: str | None,
filename: str | None = None,
content_length: int | None = None,
) -> t.IO[bytes]:
"""Called to get a stream for the file upload.
This must provide a file-like class with `read()`, `readline()`
and `seek()` methods that is both writeable and readable.
The default implementation returns a temporary file if the total
content length is higher than 500KB. Because many browsers do not
provide a content length for the files only the total content
length matters.
:param total_content_length: the total content length of all the
data in the request combined. This value
is guaranteed to be there.
:param content_type: the mimetype of the uploaded file.
:param filename: the filename of the uploaded file. May be `None`.
:param content_length: the length of this file. This value is usually
not provided because webbrowsers do not provide
this value.
"""
return default_stream_factory(
total_content_length=total_content_length,
filename=filename,
content_type=content_type,
content_length=content_length,
)
@property
def want_form_data_parsed(self) -> bool:
"""``True`` if the request method carries content. By default
this is true if a ``Content-Type`` is sent.
.. versionadded:: 0.8
"""
return bool(self.environ.get("CONTENT_TYPE"))
def make_form_data_parser(self) -> FormDataParser:
"""Creates the form data parser. Instantiates the
:attr:`form_data_parser_class` with some parameters.
.. versionadded:: 0.8
"""
return self.form_data_parser_class(
stream_factory=self._get_file_stream,
max_form_memory_size=self.max_form_memory_size,
max_content_length=self.max_content_length,
max_form_parts=self.max_form_parts,
cls=self.parameter_storage_class,
)
def _load_form_data(self) -> None:
"""Method used internally to retrieve submitted data. After calling
this sets `form` and `files` on the request object to multi dicts
filled with the incoming form data. As a matter of fact the input
stream will be empty afterwards. You can also call this method to
force the parsing of the form data.
.. versionadded:: 0.8
"""
# abort early if we have already consumed the stream
if "form" in self.__dict__:
return
if self.want_form_data_parsed:
parser = self.make_form_data_parser()
data = parser.parse(
self._get_stream_for_parsing(),
self.mimetype,
self.content_length,
self.mimetype_params,
)
else:
data = (
self.stream,
self.parameter_storage_class(),
self.parameter_storage_class(),
)
# inject the values into the instance dict so that we bypass
# our cached_property non-data descriptor.
d = self.__dict__
d["stream"], d["form"], d["files"] = data
def _get_stream_for_parsing(self) -> t.IO[bytes]:
"""This is the same as accessing :attr:`stream` with the difference
that if it finds cached data from calling :meth:`get_data` first it
will create a new stream out of the cached data.
.. versionadded:: 0.9.3
"""
cached_data = getattr(self, "_cached_data", None)
if cached_data is not None:
return BytesIO(cached_data)
return self.stream
def close(self) -> None:
"""Closes associated resources of this request object. This
closes all file handles explicitly. You can also use the request
object in a with statement which will automatically close it.
.. versionadded:: 0.9
"""
files = self.__dict__.get("files")
for _key, value in iter_multi_items(files or ()):
value.close()
def __enter__(self) -> Request:
return self
def __exit__(self, exc_type, exc_value, tb) -> None: # type: ignore
self.close()
@cached_property
def stream(self) -> t.IO[bytes]:
"""The WSGI input stream, with safety checks. This stream can only be consumed
once.
Use :meth:`get_data` to get the full data as bytes or text. The :attr:`data`
attribute will contain the full bytes only if they do not represent form data.
The :attr:`form` attribute will contain the parsed form data in that case.
Unlike :attr:`input_stream`, this stream guards against infinite streams or
reading past :attr:`content_length` or :attr:`max_content_length`.
If ``max_content_length`` is set, it can be enforced on streams if
``wsgi.input_terminated`` is set. Otherwise, an empty stream is returned.
If the limit is reached before the underlying stream is exhausted (such as a
file that is too large, or an infinite stream), the remaining contents of the
stream cannot be read safely. Depending on how the server handles this, clients
may show a "connection reset" failure instead of seeing the 413 response.
.. versionchanged:: 2.3
Check ``max_content_length`` preemptively and while reading.
.. versionchanged:: 0.9
The stream is always set (but may be consumed) even if form parsing was
accessed first.
"""
if self.shallow:
raise RuntimeError(
"This request was created with 'shallow=True', reading"
" from the input stream is disabled."
)
return get_input_stream(
self.environ, max_content_length=self.max_content_length
)
input_stream = environ_property[t.IO[bytes]](
"wsgi.input",
doc="""The raw WSGI input stream, without any safety checks.
This is dangerous to use. It does not guard against infinite streams or reading
past :attr:`content_length` or :attr:`max_content_length`.
Use :attr:`stream` instead.
""",
)
@cached_property
def data(self) -> bytes:
"""The raw data read from :attr:`stream`. Will be empty if the request
represents form data.
To get the raw data even if it represents form data, use :meth:`get_data`.
"""
return self.get_data(parse_form_data=True)
@t.overload
def get_data( # type: ignore
self,
cache: bool = True,
as_text: t.Literal[False] = False,
parse_form_data: bool = False,
) -> bytes:
...
@t.overload
def get_data(
self,
cache: bool = True,
as_text: t.Literal[True] = ...,
parse_form_data: bool = False,
) -> str:
...
def get_data(
self, cache: bool = True, as_text: bool = False, parse_form_data: bool = False
) -> bytes | str:
"""This reads the buffered incoming data from the client into one
bytes object. By default this is cached but that behavior can be
changed by setting `cache` to `False`.
Usually it's a bad idea to call this method without checking the
content length first as a client could send dozens of megabytes or more
to cause memory problems on the server.
Note that if the form data was already parsed this method will not
return anything as form data parsing does not cache the data like
this method does. To implicitly invoke form data parsing function
set `parse_form_data` to `True`. When this is done the return value
of this method will be an empty string if the form parser handles
the data. This generally is not necessary as if the whole data is
cached (which is the default) the form parser will used the cached
data to parse the form data. Please be generally aware of checking
the content length first in any case before calling this method
to avoid exhausting server memory.
If `as_text` is set to `True` the return value will be a decoded
string.
.. versionadded:: 0.9
"""
rv = getattr(self, "_cached_data", None)
if rv is None:
if parse_form_data:
self._load_form_data()
rv = self.stream.read()
if cache:
self._cached_data = rv
if as_text:
rv = rv.decode(errors="replace")
return rv
@cached_property
def form(self) -> ImmutableMultiDict[str, str]:
"""The form parameters. By default an
:class:`~werkzeug.datastructures.ImmutableMultiDict`
is returned from this function. This can be changed by setting
:attr:`parameter_storage_class` to a different type. This might
be necessary if the order of the form data is important.
Please keep in mind that file uploads will not end up here, but instead
in the :attr:`files` attribute.
.. versionchanged:: 0.9
Previous to Werkzeug 0.9 this would only contain form data for POST
and PUT requests.
"""
self._load_form_data()
return self.form
@cached_property
def values(self) -> CombinedMultiDict[str, str]:
"""A :class:`werkzeug.datastructures.CombinedMultiDict` that
combines :attr:`args` and :attr:`form`.
For GET requests, only ``args`` are present, not ``form``.
.. versionchanged:: 2.0
For GET requests, only ``args`` are present, not ``form``.
"""
sources = [self.args]
if self.method != "GET":
# GET requests can have a body, and some caching proxies
# might not treat that differently than a normal GET
# request, allowing form data to "invisibly" affect the
# cache without indication in the query string / URL.
sources.append(self.form)
args = []
for d in sources:
if not isinstance(d, MultiDict):
d = MultiDict(d)
args.append(d)
return CombinedMultiDict(args)
@cached_property
def files(self) -> ImmutableMultiDict[str, FileStorage]:
""":class:`~werkzeug.datastructures.MultiDict` object containing
all uploaded files. Each key in :attr:`files` is the name from the
````. Each value in :attr:`files` is a
Werkzeug :class:`~werkzeug.datastructures.FileStorage` object.
It basically behaves like a standard file object you know from Python,
with the difference that it also has a
:meth:`~werkzeug.datastructures.FileStorage.save` function that can
store the file on the filesystem.
Note that :attr:`files` will only contain data if the request method was
POST, PUT or PATCH and the ``