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703 lines
27 KiB
703 lines
27 KiB
import warnings
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from .._compat import integer_types
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from .._compat import string_types
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from .._compat import text_type
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from .._compat import to_bytes
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from .._compat import to_native
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from ..datastructures import Headers
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from ..http import dump_cookie
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from ..http import HTTP_STATUS_CODES
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from ..http import remove_entity_headers
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from ..urls import iri_to_uri
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from ..urls import url_join
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from ..utils import get_content_type
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from ..wsgi import ClosingIterator
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from ..wsgi import get_current_url
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def _run_wsgi_app(*args):
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"""This function replaces itself to ensure that the test module is not
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imported unless required. DO NOT USE!
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"""
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global _run_wsgi_app
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from ..test import run_wsgi_app as _run_wsgi_app
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return _run_wsgi_app(*args)
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def _warn_if_string(iterable):
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"""Helper for the response objects to check if the iterable returned
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to the WSGI server is not a string.
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"""
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if isinstance(iterable, string_types):
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warnings.warn(
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"Response iterable was set to a string. This will appear to"
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" work but means that the server will send the data to the"
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" client one character at a time. This is almost never"
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" intended behavior, use 'response.data' to assign strings"
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" to the response object.",
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stacklevel=2,
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)
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def _iter_encoded(iterable, charset):
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for item in iterable:
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if isinstance(item, text_type):
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yield item.encode(charset)
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else:
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yield item
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def _clean_accept_ranges(accept_ranges):
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if accept_ranges is True:
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return "bytes"
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elif accept_ranges is False:
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return "none"
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elif isinstance(accept_ranges, text_type):
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return to_native(accept_ranges)
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raise ValueError("Invalid accept_ranges value")
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class BaseResponse(object):
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"""Base response class. The most important fact about a response object
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is that it's a regular WSGI application. It's initialized with a couple
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of response parameters (headers, body, status code etc.) and will start a
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valid WSGI response when called with the environ and start response
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callable.
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Because it's a WSGI application itself processing usually ends before the
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actual response is sent to the server. This helps debugging systems
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because they can catch all the exceptions before responses are started.
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Here a small example WSGI application that takes advantage of the
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response objects::
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from werkzeug.wrappers import BaseResponse as Response
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def index():
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return Response('Index page')
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def application(environ, start_response):
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path = environ.get('PATH_INFO') or '/'
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if path == '/':
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response = index()
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else:
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response = Response('Not Found', status=404)
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return response(environ, start_response)
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Like :class:`BaseRequest` which object is lacking a lot of functionality
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implemented in mixins. This gives you a better control about the actual
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API of your response objects, so you can create subclasses and add custom
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functionality. A full featured response object is available as
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:class:`Response` which implements a couple of useful mixins.
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To enforce a new type of already existing responses you can use the
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:meth:`force_type` method. This is useful if you're working with different
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subclasses of response objects and you want to post process them with a
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known interface.
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Per default the response object will assume all the text data is `utf-8`
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encoded. Please refer to :doc:`the unicode chapter </unicode>` for more
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details about customizing the behavior.
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Response can be any kind of iterable or string. If it's a string it's
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considered being an iterable with one item which is the string passed.
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Headers can be a list of tuples or a
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:class:`~werkzeug.datastructures.Headers` object.
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Special note for `mimetype` and `content_type`: For most mime types
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`mimetype` and `content_type` work the same, the difference affects
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only 'text' mimetypes. If the mimetype passed with `mimetype` is a
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mimetype starting with `text/`, the charset parameter of the response
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object is appended to it. In contrast the `content_type` parameter is
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always added as header unmodified.
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.. versionchanged:: 0.5
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the `direct_passthrough` parameter was added.
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:param response: a string or response iterable.
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:param status: a string with a status or an integer with the status code.
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:param headers: a list of headers or a
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:class:`~werkzeug.datastructures.Headers` object.
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:param mimetype: the mimetype for the response. See notice above.
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:param content_type: the content type for the response. See notice above.
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:param direct_passthrough: if set to `True` :meth:`iter_encoded` is not
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called before iteration which makes it
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possible to pass special iterators through
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unchanged (see :func:`wrap_file` for more
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details.)
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"""
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#: the charset of the response.
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charset = "utf-8"
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#: the default status if none is provided.
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default_status = 200
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#: the default mimetype if none is provided.
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default_mimetype = "text/plain"
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#: if set to `False` accessing properties on the response object will
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#: not try to consume the response iterator and convert it into a list.
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#:
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#: .. versionadded:: 0.6.2
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#:
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#: That attribute was previously called `implicit_seqence_conversion`.
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#: (Notice the typo). If you did use this feature, you have to adapt
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#: your code to the name change.
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implicit_sequence_conversion = True
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#: Should this response object correct the location header to be RFC
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#: conformant? This is true by default.
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#:
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#: .. versionadded:: 0.8
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autocorrect_location_header = True
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#: Should this response object automatically set the content-length
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#: header if possible? This is true by default.
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#:
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#: .. versionadded:: 0.8
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automatically_set_content_length = True
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#: Warn if a cookie header exceeds this size. The default, 4093, should be
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#: safely `supported by most browsers <cookie_>`_. A cookie larger than
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#: this size will still be sent, but it may be ignored or handled
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#: incorrectly by some browsers. Set to 0 to disable this check.
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#:
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#: .. versionadded:: 0.13
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#:
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#: .. _`cookie`: http://browsercookielimits.squawky.net/
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max_cookie_size = 4093
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def __init__(
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self,
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response=None,
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status=None,
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headers=None,
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mimetype=None,
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content_type=None,
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direct_passthrough=False,
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):
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if isinstance(headers, Headers):
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self.headers = headers
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elif not headers:
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self.headers = Headers()
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else:
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self.headers = Headers(headers)
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if content_type is None:
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if mimetype is None and "content-type" not in self.headers:
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mimetype = self.default_mimetype
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if mimetype is not None:
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mimetype = get_content_type(mimetype, self.charset)
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content_type = mimetype
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if content_type is not None:
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self.headers["Content-Type"] = content_type
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if status is None:
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status = self.default_status
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if isinstance(status, integer_types):
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self.status_code = status
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else:
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self.status = status
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self.direct_passthrough = direct_passthrough
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self._on_close = []
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# we set the response after the headers so that if a class changes
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# the charset attribute, the data is set in the correct charset.
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if response is None:
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self.response = []
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elif isinstance(response, (text_type, bytes, bytearray)):
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self.set_data(response)
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else:
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self.response = response
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def call_on_close(self, func):
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"""Adds a function to the internal list of functions that should
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be called as part of closing down the response. Since 0.7 this
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function also returns the function that was passed so that this
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can be used as a decorator.
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.. versionadded:: 0.6
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"""
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self._on_close.append(func)
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return func
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def __repr__(self):
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if self.is_sequence:
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body_info = "%d bytes" % sum(map(len, self.iter_encoded()))
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else:
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body_info = "streamed" if self.is_streamed else "likely-streamed"
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return "<%s %s [%s]>" % (self.__class__.__name__, body_info, self.status)
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@classmethod
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def force_type(cls, response, environ=None):
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"""Enforce that the WSGI response is a response object of the current
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type. Werkzeug will use the :class:`BaseResponse` internally in many
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situations like the exceptions. If you call :meth:`get_response` on an
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exception you will get back a regular :class:`BaseResponse` object, even
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if you are using a custom subclass.
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This method can enforce a given response type, and it will also
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convert arbitrary WSGI callables into response objects if an environ
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is provided::
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# convert a Werkzeug response object into an instance of the
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# MyResponseClass subclass.
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response = MyResponseClass.force_type(response)
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# convert any WSGI application into a response object
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response = MyResponseClass.force_type(response, environ)
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This is especially useful if you want to post-process responses in
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the main dispatcher and use functionality provided by your subclass.
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Keep in mind that this will modify response objects in place if
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possible!
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:param response: a response object or wsgi application.
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:param environ: a WSGI environment object.
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:return: a response object.
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"""
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if not isinstance(response, BaseResponse):
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if environ is None:
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raise TypeError(
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"cannot convert WSGI application into response"
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" objects without an environ"
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)
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response = BaseResponse(*_run_wsgi_app(response, environ))
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response.__class__ = cls
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return response
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@classmethod
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def from_app(cls, app, environ, buffered=False):
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"""Create a new response object from an application output. This
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works best if you pass it an application that returns a generator all
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the time. Sometimes applications may use the `write()` callable
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returned by the `start_response` function. This tries to resolve such
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edge cases automatically. But if you don't get the expected output
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you should set `buffered` to `True` which enforces buffering.
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:param app: the WSGI application to execute.
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:param environ: the WSGI environment to execute against.
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:param buffered: set to `True` to enforce buffering.
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:return: a response object.
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"""
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return cls(*_run_wsgi_app(app, environ, buffered))
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def _get_status_code(self):
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return self._status_code
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def _set_status_code(self, code):
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self._status_code = code
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try:
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self._status = "%d %s" % (code, HTTP_STATUS_CODES[code].upper())
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except KeyError:
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self._status = "%d UNKNOWN" % code
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status_code = property(
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_get_status_code, _set_status_code, doc="The HTTP Status code as number"
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)
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del _get_status_code, _set_status_code
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def _get_status(self):
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return self._status
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def _set_status(self, value):
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try:
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self._status = to_native(value)
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except AttributeError:
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raise TypeError("Invalid status argument")
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try:
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self._status_code = int(self._status.split(None, 1)[0])
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except ValueError:
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self._status_code = 0
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self._status = "0 %s" % self._status
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except IndexError:
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raise ValueError("Empty status argument")
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status = property(_get_status, _set_status, doc="The HTTP Status code")
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del _get_status, _set_status
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def get_data(self, as_text=False):
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"""The string representation of the request body. Whenever you call
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this property the request iterable is encoded and flattened. This
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can lead to unwanted behavior if you stream big data.
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This behavior can be disabled by setting
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:attr:`implicit_sequence_conversion` to `False`.
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If `as_text` is set to `True` the return value will be a decoded
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unicode string.
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.. versionadded:: 0.9
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"""
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self._ensure_sequence()
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rv = b"".join(self.iter_encoded())
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if as_text:
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rv = rv.decode(self.charset)
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return rv
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def set_data(self, value):
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"""Sets a new string as response. The value set must either by a
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unicode or bytestring. If a unicode string is set it's encoded
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automatically to the charset of the response (utf-8 by default).
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.. versionadded:: 0.9
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"""
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# if an unicode string is set, it's encoded directly so that we
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# can set the content length
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if isinstance(value, text_type):
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value = value.encode(self.charset)
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else:
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value = bytes(value)
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self.response = [value]
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if self.automatically_set_content_length:
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self.headers["Content-Length"] = str(len(value))
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data = property(
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get_data,
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set_data,
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doc="A descriptor that calls :meth:`get_data` and :meth:`set_data`.",
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)
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def calculate_content_length(self):
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"""Returns the content length if available or `None` otherwise."""
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try:
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self._ensure_sequence()
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except RuntimeError:
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return None
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return sum(len(x) for x in self.iter_encoded())
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def _ensure_sequence(self, mutable=False):
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"""This method can be called by methods that need a sequence. If
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`mutable` is true, it will also ensure that the response sequence
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is a standard Python list.
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.. versionadded:: 0.6
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"""
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if self.is_sequence:
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# if we need a mutable object, we ensure it's a list.
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if mutable and not isinstance(self.response, list):
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self.response = list(self.response)
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return
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if self.direct_passthrough:
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raise RuntimeError(
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"Attempted implicit sequence conversion but the"
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" response object is in direct passthrough mode."
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)
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if not self.implicit_sequence_conversion:
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raise RuntimeError(
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"The response object required the iterable to be a"
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" sequence, but the implicit conversion was disabled."
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" Call make_sequence() yourself."
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)
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self.make_sequence()
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def make_sequence(self):
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"""Converts the response iterator in a list. By default this happens
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automatically if required. If `implicit_sequence_conversion` is
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disabled, this method is not automatically called and some properties
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might raise exceptions. This also encodes all the items.
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.. versionadded:: 0.6
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"""
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if not self.is_sequence:
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# if we consume an iterable we have to ensure that the close
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# method of the iterable is called if available when we tear
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# down the response
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close = getattr(self.response, "close", None)
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self.response = list(self.iter_encoded())
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if close is not None:
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self.call_on_close(close)
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def iter_encoded(self):
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"""Iter the response encoded with the encoding of the response.
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If the response object is invoked as WSGI application the return
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value of this method is used as application iterator unless
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:attr:`direct_passthrough` was activated.
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"""
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if __debug__:
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_warn_if_string(self.response)
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# Encode in a separate function so that self.response is fetched
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# early. This allows us to wrap the response with the return
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# value from get_app_iter or iter_encoded.
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return _iter_encoded(self.response, self.charset)
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|
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def set_cookie(
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self,
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key,
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value="",
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max_age=None,
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expires=None,
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path="/",
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domain=None,
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secure=False,
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httponly=False,
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samesite=None,
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):
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"""Sets a cookie. The parameters are the same as in the cookie `Morsel`
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object in the Python standard library but it accepts unicode data, too.
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A warning is raised if the size of the cookie header exceeds
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:attr:`max_cookie_size`, but the header will still be set.
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:param key: the key (name) of the cookie to be set.
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:param value: the value of the cookie.
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:param max_age: should be a number of seconds, or `None` (default) if
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the cookie should last only as long as the client's
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browser session.
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:param expires: should be a `datetime` object or UNIX timestamp.
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:param path: limits the cookie to a given path, per default it will
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span the whole domain.
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:param domain: if you want to set a cross-domain cookie. For example,
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``domain=".example.com"`` will set a cookie that is
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readable by the domain ``www.example.com``,
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``foo.example.com`` etc. Otherwise, a cookie will only
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be readable by the domain that set it.
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:param secure: If `True`, the cookie will only be available via HTTPS
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:param httponly: disallow JavaScript to access the cookie. This is an
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extension to the cookie standard and probably not
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supported by all browsers.
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:param samesite: Limits the scope of the cookie such that it will only
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be attached to requests if those requests are
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"same-site".
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"""
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self.headers.add(
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"Set-Cookie",
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dump_cookie(
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key,
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value=value,
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max_age=max_age,
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expires=expires,
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path=path,
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domain=domain,
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secure=secure,
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httponly=httponly,
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charset=self.charset,
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max_size=self.max_cookie_size,
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samesite=samesite,
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),
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)
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def delete_cookie(self, key, path="/", domain=None):
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"""Delete a cookie. Fails silently if key doesn't exist.
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:param key: the key (name) of the cookie to be deleted.
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:param path: if the cookie that should be deleted was limited to a
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path, the path has to be defined here.
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:param domain: if the cookie that should be deleted was limited to a
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domain, that domain has to be defined here.
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"""
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self.set_cookie(key, expires=0, max_age=0, path=path, domain=domain)
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|
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@property
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def is_streamed(self):
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"""If the response is streamed (the response is not an iterable with
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a length information) this property is `True`. In this case streamed
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|
means that there is no information about the number of iterations.
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This is usually `True` if a generator is passed to the response object.
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This is useful for checking before applying some sort of post
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|
filtering that should not take place for streamed responses.
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"""
|
|
try:
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len(self.response)
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except (TypeError, AttributeError):
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return True
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return False
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|
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@property
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|
def is_sequence(self):
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|
"""If the iterator is buffered, this property will be `True`. A
|
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response object will consider an iterator to be buffered if the
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response attribute is a list or tuple.
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|
|
.. versionadded:: 0.6
|
|
"""
|
|
return isinstance(self.response, (tuple, list))
|
|
|
|
def close(self):
|
|
"""Close the wrapped response if possible. You can also use the object
|
|
in a with statement which will automatically close it.
|
|
|
|
.. versionadded:: 0.9
|
|
Can now be used in a with statement.
|
|
"""
|
|
if hasattr(self.response, "close"):
|
|
self.response.close()
|
|
for func in self._on_close:
|
|
func()
|
|
|
|
def __enter__(self):
|
|
return self
|
|
|
|
def __exit__(self, exc_type, exc_value, tb):
|
|
self.close()
|
|
|
|
def freeze(self):
|
|
"""Call this method if you want to make your response object ready for
|
|
being pickled. This buffers the generator if there is one. It will
|
|
also set the `Content-Length` header to the length of the body.
|
|
|
|
.. versionchanged:: 0.6
|
|
The `Content-Length` header is now set.
|
|
"""
|
|
# we explicitly set the length to a list of the *encoded* response
|
|
# iterator. Even if the implicit sequence conversion is disabled.
|
|
self.response = list(self.iter_encoded())
|
|
self.headers["Content-Length"] = str(sum(map(len, self.response)))
|
|
|
|
def get_wsgi_headers(self, environ):
|
|
"""This is automatically called right before the response is started
|
|
and returns headers modified for the given environment. It returns a
|
|
copy of the headers from the response with some modifications applied
|
|
if necessary.
|
|
|
|
For example the location header (if present) is joined with the root
|
|
URL of the environment. Also the content length is automatically set
|
|
to zero here for certain status codes.
|
|
|
|
.. versionchanged:: 0.6
|
|
Previously that function was called `fix_headers` and modified
|
|
the response object in place. Also since 0.6, IRIs in location
|
|
and content-location headers are handled properly.
|
|
|
|
Also starting with 0.6, Werkzeug will attempt to set the content
|
|
length if it is able to figure it out on its own. This is the
|
|
case if all the strings in the response iterable are already
|
|
encoded and the iterable is buffered.
|
|
|
|
:param environ: the WSGI environment of the request.
|
|
:return: returns a new :class:`~werkzeug.datastructures.Headers`
|
|
object.
|
|
"""
|
|
headers = Headers(self.headers)
|
|
location = None
|
|
content_location = None
|
|
content_length = None
|
|
status = self.status_code
|
|
|
|
# iterate over the headers to find all values in one go. Because
|
|
# get_wsgi_headers is used each response that gives us a tiny
|
|
# speedup.
|
|
for key, value in headers:
|
|
ikey = key.lower()
|
|
if ikey == u"location":
|
|
location = value
|
|
elif ikey == u"content-location":
|
|
content_location = value
|
|
elif ikey == u"content-length":
|
|
content_length = value
|
|
|
|
# make sure the location header is an absolute URL
|
|
if location is not None:
|
|
old_location = location
|
|
if isinstance(location, text_type):
|
|
# Safe conversion is necessary here as we might redirect
|
|
# to a broken URI scheme (for instance itms-services).
|
|
location = iri_to_uri(location, safe_conversion=True)
|
|
|
|
if self.autocorrect_location_header:
|
|
current_url = get_current_url(environ, strip_querystring=True)
|
|
if isinstance(current_url, text_type):
|
|
current_url = iri_to_uri(current_url)
|
|
location = url_join(current_url, location)
|
|
if location != old_location:
|
|
headers["Location"] = location
|
|
|
|
# make sure the content location is a URL
|
|
if content_location is not None and isinstance(content_location, text_type):
|
|
headers["Content-Location"] = iri_to_uri(content_location)
|
|
|
|
if 100 <= status < 200 or status == 204:
|
|
# Per section 3.3.2 of RFC 7230, "a server MUST NOT send a
|
|
# Content-Length header field in any response with a status
|
|
# code of 1xx (Informational) or 204 (No Content)."
|
|
headers.remove("Content-Length")
|
|
elif status == 304:
|
|
remove_entity_headers(headers)
|
|
|
|
# if we can determine the content length automatically, we
|
|
# should try to do that. But only if this does not involve
|
|
# flattening the iterator or encoding of unicode strings in
|
|
# the response. We however should not do that if we have a 304
|
|
# response.
|
|
if (
|
|
self.automatically_set_content_length
|
|
and self.is_sequence
|
|
and content_length is None
|
|
and status not in (204, 304)
|
|
and not (100 <= status < 200)
|
|
):
|
|
try:
|
|
content_length = sum(len(to_bytes(x, "ascii")) for x in self.response)
|
|
except UnicodeError:
|
|
# aha, something non-bytestringy in there, too bad, we
|
|
# can't safely figure out the length of the response.
|
|
pass
|
|
else:
|
|
headers["Content-Length"] = str(content_length)
|
|
|
|
return headers
|
|
|
|
def get_app_iter(self, environ):
|
|
"""Returns the application iterator for the given environ. Depending
|
|
on the request method and the current status code the return value
|
|
might be an empty response rather than the one from the response.
|
|
|
|
If the request method is `HEAD` or the status code is in a range
|
|
where the HTTP specification requires an empty response, an empty
|
|
iterable is returned.
|
|
|
|
.. versionadded:: 0.6
|
|
|
|
:param environ: the WSGI environment of the request.
|
|
:return: a response iterable.
|
|
"""
|
|
status = self.status_code
|
|
if (
|
|
environ["REQUEST_METHOD"] == "HEAD"
|
|
or 100 <= status < 200
|
|
or status in (204, 304)
|
|
):
|
|
iterable = ()
|
|
elif self.direct_passthrough:
|
|
if __debug__:
|
|
_warn_if_string(self.response)
|
|
return self.response
|
|
else:
|
|
iterable = self.iter_encoded()
|
|
return ClosingIterator(iterable, self.close)
|
|
|
|
def get_wsgi_response(self, environ):
|
|
"""Returns the final WSGI response as tuple. The first item in
|
|
the tuple is the application iterator, the second the status and
|
|
the third the list of headers. The response returned is created
|
|
specially for the given environment. For example if the request
|
|
method in the WSGI environment is ``'HEAD'`` the response will
|
|
be empty and only the headers and status code will be present.
|
|
|
|
.. versionadded:: 0.6
|
|
|
|
:param environ: the WSGI environment of the request.
|
|
:return: an ``(app_iter, status, headers)`` tuple.
|
|
"""
|
|
headers = self.get_wsgi_headers(environ)
|
|
app_iter = self.get_app_iter(environ)
|
|
return app_iter, self.status, headers.to_wsgi_list()
|
|
|
|
def __call__(self, environ, start_response):
|
|
"""Process this response as WSGI application.
|
|
|
|
:param environ: the WSGI environment.
|
|
:param start_response: the response callable provided by the WSGI
|
|
server.
|
|
:return: an application iterator
|
|
"""
|
|
app_iter, status, headers = self.get_wsgi_response(environ)
|
|
start_response(status, headers)
|
|
return app_iter
|