diff --git a/Emby.Server.Implementations/ApplicationHost.cs b/Emby.Server.Implementations/ApplicationHost.cs
index bc55dc6b48..91a16c199d 100644
--- a/Emby.Server.Implementations/ApplicationHost.cs
+++ b/Emby.Server.Implementations/ApplicationHost.cs
@@ -83,6 +83,7 @@ using MediaBrowser.Controller.SyncPlay;
 using MediaBrowser.Controller.TV;
 using MediaBrowser.LocalMetadata.Savers;
 using MediaBrowser.MediaEncoding.BdInfo;
+using MediaBrowser.MediaEncoding.Subtitles;
 using MediaBrowser.Model.Cryptography;
 using MediaBrowser.Model.Dlna;
 using MediaBrowser.Model.Globalization;
@@ -634,7 +635,8 @@ namespace Emby.Server.Implementations
             serviceCollection.AddSingleton<IAuthService, AuthService>();
             serviceCollection.AddSingleton<IQuickConnect, QuickConnectManager>();
 
-            serviceCollection.AddSingleton<ISubtitleEncoder, MediaBrowser.MediaEncoding.Subtitles.SubtitleEncoder>();
+            serviceCollection.AddSingleton<ISubtitleParser, SubtitleEditParser>();
+            serviceCollection.AddSingleton<ISubtitleEncoder, SubtitleEncoder>();
 
             serviceCollection.AddSingleton<IAttachmentExtractor, MediaBrowser.MediaEncoding.Attachments.AttachmentExtractor>();
 
diff --git a/Emby.Server.Implementations/Emby.Server.Implementations.csproj b/Emby.Server.Implementations/Emby.Server.Implementations.csproj
index 9e653590b2..5d20870016 100644
--- a/Emby.Server.Implementations/Emby.Server.Implementations.csproj
+++ b/Emby.Server.Implementations/Emby.Server.Implementations.csproj
@@ -32,7 +32,7 @@
     <PackageReference Include="Microsoft.EntityFrameworkCore.Relational" Version="6.0.7" />
     <PackageReference Include="Mono.Nat" Version="3.0.3" />
     <PackageReference Include="prometheus-net.DotNetRuntime" Version="4.2.4" />
-    <PackageReference Include="sharpcompress" Version="0.32.1" />
+    <PackageReference Include="sharpcompress" Version="0.32.2" />
     <PackageReference Include="SQLitePCL.pretty.netstandard" Version="3.1.0" />
     <PackageReference Include="DotNet.Glob" Version="3.1.3" />
   </ItemGroup>
diff --git a/Emby.Server.Implementations/Library/LibraryManager.cs b/Emby.Server.Implementations/Library/LibraryManager.cs
index c54945c93b..2843fb8f83 100644
--- a/Emby.Server.Implementations/Library/LibraryManager.cs
+++ b/Emby.Server.Implementations/Library/LibraryManager.cs
@@ -2453,6 +2453,12 @@ namespace Emby.Server.Implementations.Library
             return RootFolder;
         }
 
+        /// <inheritdoc />
+        public void QueueLibraryScan()
+        {
+            _taskManager.QueueScheduledTask<RefreshMediaLibraryTask>();
+        }
+
         /// <inheritdoc />
         public int? GetSeasonNumberFromPath(string path)
             => SeasonPathParser.Parse(path, true, true).SeasonNumber;
diff --git a/Jellyfin.Api/Controllers/DynamicHlsController.cs b/Jellyfin.Api/Controllers/DynamicHlsController.cs
index 365e44e1a3..1e8d038751 100644
--- a/Jellyfin.Api/Controllers/DynamicHlsController.cs
+++ b/Jellyfin.Api/Controllers/DynamicHlsController.cs
@@ -1790,7 +1790,8 @@ namespace Jellyfin.Api.Controllers
                 || string.Equals(codec, "hevc", StringComparison.OrdinalIgnoreCase))
             {
                 if (EncodingHelper.IsCopyCodec(codec)
-                    && (string.Equals(state.VideoStream.CodecTag, "dovi", StringComparison.OrdinalIgnoreCase)
+                    && (string.Equals(state.VideoStream.VideoRangeType, "DOVI", StringComparison.OrdinalIgnoreCase)
+                        || string.Equals(state.VideoStream.CodecTag, "dovi", StringComparison.OrdinalIgnoreCase)
                         || string.Equals(state.VideoStream.CodecTag, "dvh1", StringComparison.OrdinalIgnoreCase)
                         || string.Equals(state.VideoStream.CodecTag, "dvhe", StringComparison.OrdinalIgnoreCase)))
                 {
diff --git a/MediaBrowser.Controller/Entities/Audio/MusicAlbum.cs b/MediaBrowser.Controller/Entities/Audio/MusicAlbum.cs
index 03d1f33043..bd397bdd13 100644
--- a/MediaBrowser.Controller/Entities/Audio/MusicAlbum.cs
+++ b/MediaBrowser.Controller/Entities/Audio/MusicAlbum.cs
@@ -169,8 +169,8 @@ namespace MediaBrowser.Controller.Entities.Audio
 
             var childUpdateType = ItemUpdateType.None;
 
-            // Refresh songs
-            foreach (var item in items)
+            // Refresh songs only and not m3u files in album folder
+            foreach (var item in items.OfType<Audio>())
             {
                 cancellationToken.ThrowIfCancellationRequested();
 
diff --git a/MediaBrowser.Controller/Entities/TV/Series.cs b/MediaBrowser.Controller/Entities/TV/Series.cs
index 727efee509..b4e213e1c0 100644
--- a/MediaBrowser.Controller/Entities/TV/Series.cs
+++ b/MediaBrowser.Controller/Entities/TV/Series.cs
@@ -263,14 +263,10 @@ namespace MediaBrowser.Controller.Entities.TV
                 SeriesPresentationUniqueKey = seriesKey,
                 IncludeItemTypes = new[] { BaseItemKind.Episode, BaseItemKind.Season },
                 OrderBy = new[] { (ItemSortBy.SortName, SortOrder.Ascending) },
-                DtoOptions = options
+                DtoOptions = options,
+                IsMissing = user?.DisplayMissingEpisodes
             };
 
-            if (!user.DisplayMissingEpisodes)
-            {
-                query.IsMissing = false;
-            }
-
             var allItems = LibraryManager.GetItemList(query);
 
             var allSeriesEpisodes = allItems.OfType<Episode>().ToList();
diff --git a/MediaBrowser.Controller/Library/ILibraryManager.cs b/MediaBrowser.Controller/Library/ILibraryManager.cs
index 313d27ce62..5905c25a57 100644
--- a/MediaBrowser.Controller/Library/ILibraryManager.cs
+++ b/MediaBrowser.Controller/Library/ILibraryManager.cs
@@ -570,5 +570,13 @@ namespace MediaBrowser.Controller.Library
         Task RunMetadataSavers(BaseItem item, ItemUpdateType updateReason);
 
         BaseItem GetParentItem(Guid? parentId, Guid? userId);
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Queue a library scan.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <remarks>
+        /// This exists so plugins can trigger a library scan.
+        /// </remarks>
+        void QueueLibraryScan();
     }
 }
diff --git a/MediaBrowser.Controller/MediaEncoding/EncodingHelper.cs b/MediaBrowser.Controller/MediaEncoding/EncodingHelper.cs
index 15afde601d..7c59fa300d 100644
--- a/MediaBrowser.Controller/MediaEncoding/EncodingHelper.cs
+++ b/MediaBrowser.Controller/MediaEncoding/EncodingHelper.cs
@@ -35,6 +35,7 @@ namespace MediaBrowser.Controller.MediaEncoding
         private readonly IMediaEncoder _mediaEncoder;
         private readonly ISubtitleEncoder _subtitleEncoder;
         private readonly IConfiguration _config;
+        private readonly Version _minKernelVersioni915Hang = new Version(5, 18);
 
         private static readonly string[] _videoProfilesH264 = new[]
         {
@@ -930,6 +931,13 @@ namespace MediaBrowser.Controller.MediaEncoding
                 arg.Append(" -i \"").Append(state.AudioStream.Path).Append('"');
             }
 
+            // Disable auto inserted SW scaler for HW decoders in case of changed resolution.
+            var isSwDecoder = string.IsNullOrEmpty(GetHardwareVideoDecoder(state, options));
+            if (!isSwDecoder)
+            {
+                arg.Append(" -autoscale 0");
+            }
+
             return arg.ToString();
         }
 
@@ -1302,6 +1310,10 @@ namespace MediaBrowser.Controller.MediaEncoding
             // which will reduce overhead in performance intensive tasks such as 4k transcoding and tonemapping.
             var intelLowPowerHwEncoding = false;
 
+            // Workaround for linux 5.18+ i915 hang at cost of performance.
+            // https://github.com/intel/media-driver/issues/1456
+            var enableWaFori915Hang = false;
+
             if (string.Equals(encodingOptions.HardwareAccelerationType, "vaapi", StringComparison.OrdinalIgnoreCase))
             {
                 var isIntelVaapiDriver = _mediaEncoder.IsVaapiDeviceInteliHD || _mediaEncoder.IsVaapiDeviceInteli965;
@@ -1317,6 +1329,20 @@ namespace MediaBrowser.Controller.MediaEncoding
             }
             else if (string.Equals(encodingOptions.HardwareAccelerationType, "qsv", StringComparison.OrdinalIgnoreCase))
             {
+                if (OperatingSystem.IsLinux() && Environment.OSVersion.Version >= _minKernelVersioni915Hang)
+                {
+                    var vidDecoder = GetHardwareVideoDecoder(state, encodingOptions) ?? string.Empty;
+                    var isIntelDecoder = vidDecoder.Contains("qsv", StringComparison.OrdinalIgnoreCase)
+                                         || vidDecoder.Contains("vaapi", StringComparison.OrdinalIgnoreCase);
+                    var doOclTonemap = _mediaEncoder.SupportsHwaccel("qsv")
+                        && IsVaapiSupported(state)
+                        && IsOpenclFullSupported()
+                        && !IsVaapiVppTonemapAvailable(state, encodingOptions)
+                        && IsHwTonemapAvailable(state, encodingOptions);
+
+                    enableWaFori915Hang = isIntelDecoder && doOclTonemap;
+                }
+
                 if (string.Equals(videoEncoder, "h264_qsv", StringComparison.OrdinalIgnoreCase))
                 {
                     intelLowPowerHwEncoding = encodingOptions.EnableIntelLowPowerH264HwEncoder;
@@ -1325,6 +1351,10 @@ namespace MediaBrowser.Controller.MediaEncoding
                 {
                     intelLowPowerHwEncoding = encodingOptions.EnableIntelLowPowerHevcHwEncoder;
                 }
+                else
+                {
+                    enableWaFori915Hang = false;
+                }
             }
 
             if (intelLowPowerHwEncoding)
@@ -1332,6 +1362,11 @@ namespace MediaBrowser.Controller.MediaEncoding
                 param += " -low_power 1";
             }
 
+            if (enableWaFori915Hang)
+            {
+                param += " -async_depth 1";
+            }
+
             var isVc1 = string.Equals(state.VideoStream?.Codec, "vc1", StringComparison.OrdinalIgnoreCase);
             var isLibX265 = string.Equals(videoEncoder, "libx265", StringComparison.OrdinalIgnoreCase);
 
@@ -4506,7 +4541,9 @@ namespace MediaBrowser.Controller.MediaEncoding
 
                     if (isD3d11Supported && isCodecAvailable)
                     {
-                        return " -hwaccel d3d11va" + (outputHwSurface ? " -hwaccel_output_format d3d11" : string.Empty) + (isAv1 ? " -c:v av1" : string.Empty);
+                        // set -threads 3 to intel d3d11va decoder explicitly. Lower threads may result in dead lock.
+                        // on newer devices such as Xe, the larger the init_pool_size, the longer the initialization time for opencl to derive from d3d11.
+                        return " -hwaccel d3d11va" + (outputHwSurface ? " -hwaccel_output_format d3d11" : string.Empty) + " -threads 3" + (isAv1 ? " -c:v av1" : string.Empty);
                     }
                 }
                 else
diff --git a/MediaBrowser.MediaEncoding/Subtitles/AssParser.cs b/MediaBrowser.MediaEncoding/Subtitles/AssParser.cs
deleted file mode 100644
index 08ee5c72e5..0000000000
--- a/MediaBrowser.MediaEncoding/Subtitles/AssParser.cs
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,19 +0,0 @@
-using Microsoft.Extensions.Logging;
-using Nikse.SubtitleEdit.Core.SubtitleFormats;
-
-namespace MediaBrowser.MediaEncoding.Subtitles
-{
-    /// <summary>
-    /// Advanced SubStation Alpha subtitle parser.
-    /// </summary>
-    public class AssParser : SubtitleEditParser<AdvancedSubStationAlpha>
-    {
-        /// <summary>
-        /// Initializes a new instance of the <see cref="AssParser"/> class.
-        /// </summary>
-        /// <param name="logger">The logger.</param>
-        public AssParser(ILogger logger) : base(logger)
-        {
-        }
-    }
-}
diff --git a/MediaBrowser.MediaEncoding/Subtitles/ISubtitleParser.cs b/MediaBrowser.MediaEncoding/Subtitles/ISubtitleParser.cs
index c0023ebf24..bd13437fb6 100644
--- a/MediaBrowser.MediaEncoding/Subtitles/ISubtitleParser.cs
+++ b/MediaBrowser.MediaEncoding/Subtitles/ISubtitleParser.cs
@@ -1,7 +1,6 @@
 #pragma warning disable CS1591
 
 using System.IO;
-using System.Threading;
 using MediaBrowser.Model.MediaInfo;
 
 namespace MediaBrowser.MediaEncoding.Subtitles
@@ -12,8 +11,15 @@ namespace MediaBrowser.MediaEncoding.Subtitles
         /// Parses the specified stream.
         /// </summary>
         /// <param name="stream">The stream.</param>
-        /// <param name="cancellationToken">The cancellation token.</param>
+        /// <param name="fileExtension">The file extension.</param>
         /// <returns>SubtitleTrackInfo.</returns>
-        SubtitleTrackInfo Parse(Stream stream, CancellationToken cancellationToken);
+        SubtitleTrackInfo Parse(Stream stream, string fileExtension);
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Determines whether the file extension is supported by the parser.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="fileExtension">The file extension.</param>
+        /// <returns>A value indicating whether the file extension is supported.</returns>
+        bool SupportsFileExtension(string fileExtension);
     }
 }
diff --git a/MediaBrowser.MediaEncoding/Subtitles/SrtParser.cs b/MediaBrowser.MediaEncoding/Subtitles/SrtParser.cs
deleted file mode 100644
index 78d54ca51f..0000000000
--- a/MediaBrowser.MediaEncoding/Subtitles/SrtParser.cs
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,19 +0,0 @@
-using Microsoft.Extensions.Logging;
-using Nikse.SubtitleEdit.Core.SubtitleFormats;
-
-namespace MediaBrowser.MediaEncoding.Subtitles
-{
-    /// <summary>
-    /// SubRip subtitle parser.
-    /// </summary>
-    public class SrtParser : SubtitleEditParser<SubRip>
-    {
-        /// <summary>
-        /// Initializes a new instance of the <see cref="SrtParser"/> class.
-        /// </summary>
-        /// <param name="logger">The logger.</param>
-        public SrtParser(ILogger logger) : base(logger)
-        {
-        }
-    }
-}
diff --git a/MediaBrowser.MediaEncoding/Subtitles/SsaParser.cs b/MediaBrowser.MediaEncoding/Subtitles/SsaParser.cs
deleted file mode 100644
index 17c2ae40e0..0000000000
--- a/MediaBrowser.MediaEncoding/Subtitles/SsaParser.cs
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,19 +0,0 @@
-using Microsoft.Extensions.Logging;
-using Nikse.SubtitleEdit.Core.SubtitleFormats;
-
-namespace MediaBrowser.MediaEncoding.Subtitles
-{
-    /// <summary>
-    /// SubStation Alpha subtitle parser.
-    /// </summary>
-    public class SsaParser : SubtitleEditParser<SubStationAlpha>
-    {
-        /// <summary>
-        /// Initializes a new instance of the <see cref="SsaParser"/> class.
-        /// </summary>
-        /// <param name="logger">The logger.</param>
-        public SsaParser(ILogger logger) : base(logger)
-        {
-        }
-    }
-}
diff --git a/MediaBrowser.MediaEncoding/Subtitles/SubtitleEditParser.cs b/MediaBrowser.MediaEncoding/Subtitles/SubtitleEditParser.cs
index 52c1b64677..eb8ff96246 100644
--- a/MediaBrowser.MediaEncoding/Subtitles/SubtitleEditParser.cs
+++ b/MediaBrowser.MediaEncoding/Subtitles/SubtitleEditParser.cs
@@ -1,12 +1,14 @@
+using System;
+using System.Collections.Generic;
 using System.Globalization;
 using System.IO;
 using System.Linq;
-using System.Threading;
+using System.Reflection;
 using Jellyfin.Extensions;
 using MediaBrowser.Model.MediaInfo;
 using Microsoft.Extensions.Logging;
 using Nikse.SubtitleEdit.Core.Common;
-using ILogger = Microsoft.Extensions.Logging.ILogger;
+using Nikse.SubtitleEdit.Core.SubtitleFormats;
 using SubtitleFormat = Nikse.SubtitleEdit.Core.SubtitleFormats.SubtitleFormat;
 
 namespace MediaBrowser.MediaEncoding.Subtitles
@@ -14,31 +16,57 @@ namespace MediaBrowser.MediaEncoding.Subtitles
     /// <summary>
     /// SubStation Alpha subtitle parser.
     /// </summary>
-    /// <typeparam name="T">The <see cref="SubtitleFormat" />.</typeparam>
-    public abstract class SubtitleEditParser<T> : ISubtitleParser
-        where T : SubtitleFormat, new()
+    public class SubtitleEditParser : ISubtitleParser
     {
-        private readonly ILogger _logger;
+        private readonly ILogger<SubtitleEditParser> _logger;
+        private readonly Dictionary<string, SubtitleFormat[]> _subtitleFormats;
 
         /// <summary>
-        /// Initializes a new instance of the <see cref="SubtitleEditParser{T}"/> class.
+        /// Initializes a new instance of the <see cref="SubtitleEditParser"/> class.
         /// </summary>
         /// <param name="logger">The logger.</param>
-        protected SubtitleEditParser(ILogger logger)
+        public SubtitleEditParser(ILogger<SubtitleEditParser> logger)
         {
             _logger = logger;
+            _subtitleFormats = GetSubtitleFormats()
+                .Where(subtitleFormat => !string.IsNullOrEmpty(subtitleFormat.Extension))
+                .GroupBy(subtitleFormat => subtitleFormat.Extension.TrimStart('.'), StringComparer.OrdinalIgnoreCase)
+                .ToDictionary(g => g.Key, g => g.ToArray(), StringComparer.OrdinalIgnoreCase);
         }
 
         /// <inheritdoc />
-        public SubtitleTrackInfo Parse(Stream stream, CancellationToken cancellationToken)
+        public SubtitleTrackInfo Parse(Stream stream, string fileExtension)
         {
             var subtitle = new Subtitle();
-            var subRip = new T();
             var lines = stream.ReadAllLines().ToList();
-            subRip.LoadSubtitle(subtitle, lines, "untitled");
-            if (subRip.ErrorCount > 0)
+
+            if (!_subtitleFormats.TryGetValue(fileExtension, out var subtitleFormats))
+            {
+                throw new ArgumentException($"Unsupported file extension: {fileExtension}", nameof(fileExtension));
+            }
+
+            foreach (var subtitleFormat in subtitleFormats)
             {
-                _logger.LogError("{ErrorCount} errors encountered while parsing subtitle", subRip.ErrorCount);
+                _logger.LogDebug(
+                    "Trying to parse '{FileExtension}' subtitle using the {SubtitleFormatParser} format parser",
+                    fileExtension,
+                    subtitleFormat.Name);
+                subtitleFormat.LoadSubtitle(subtitle, lines, fileExtension);
+                if (subtitleFormat.ErrorCount == 0)
+                {
+                    break;
+                }
+
+                _logger.LogError(
+                    "{ErrorCount} errors encountered while parsing '{FileExtension}' subtitle using the {SubtitleFormatParser} format parser",
+                    subtitleFormat.ErrorCount,
+                    fileExtension,
+                    subtitleFormat.Name);
+            }
+
+            if (subtitle.Paragraphs.Count == 0)
+            {
+                throw new ArgumentException("Unsupported format: " + fileExtension);
             }
 
             var trackInfo = new SubtitleTrackInfo();
@@ -57,5 +85,36 @@ namespace MediaBrowser.MediaEncoding.Subtitles
             trackInfo.TrackEvents = trackEvents;
             return trackInfo;
         }
+
+        /// <inheritdoc />
+        public bool SupportsFileExtension(string fileExtension)
+            => _subtitleFormats.ContainsKey(fileExtension);
+
+        private IEnumerable<SubtitleFormat> GetSubtitleFormats()
+        {
+            var subtitleFormats = new List<SubtitleFormat>();
+            var assembly = typeof(SubtitleFormat).Assembly;
+
+            foreach (var type in assembly.GetTypes())
+            {
+                if (!type.IsSubclassOf(typeof(SubtitleFormat)) || type.IsAbstract)
+                {
+                    continue;
+                }
+
+                try
+                {
+                    // It shouldn't be null, but the exception is caught if it is
+                    var subtitleFormat = (SubtitleFormat)Activator.CreateInstance(type, true)!;
+                    subtitleFormats.Add(subtitleFormat);
+                }
+                catch (Exception ex)
+                {
+                    _logger.LogWarning(ex, "Failed to create instance of the subtitle format {SubtitleFormatType}", type.Name);
+                }
+            }
+
+            return subtitleFormats;
+        }
     }
 }
diff --git a/MediaBrowser.MediaEncoding/Subtitles/SubtitleEncoder.cs b/MediaBrowser.MediaEncoding/Subtitles/SubtitleEncoder.cs
index 7091af734a..50c4d92103 100644
--- a/MediaBrowser.MediaEncoding/Subtitles/SubtitleEncoder.cs
+++ b/MediaBrowser.MediaEncoding/Subtitles/SubtitleEncoder.cs
@@ -35,6 +35,7 @@ namespace MediaBrowser.MediaEncoding.Subtitles
         private readonly IMediaEncoder _mediaEncoder;
         private readonly IHttpClientFactory _httpClientFactory;
         private readonly IMediaSourceManager _mediaSourceManager;
+        private readonly ISubtitleParser _subtitleParser;
 
         /// <summary>
         /// The _semaphoreLocks.
@@ -48,7 +49,8 @@ namespace MediaBrowser.MediaEncoding.Subtitles
             IFileSystem fileSystem,
             IMediaEncoder mediaEncoder,
             IHttpClientFactory httpClientFactory,
-            IMediaSourceManager mediaSourceManager)
+            IMediaSourceManager mediaSourceManager,
+            ISubtitleParser subtitleParser)
         {
             _logger = logger;
             _appPaths = appPaths;
@@ -56,6 +58,7 @@ namespace MediaBrowser.MediaEncoding.Subtitles
             _mediaEncoder = mediaEncoder;
             _httpClientFactory = httpClientFactory;
             _mediaSourceManager = mediaSourceManager;
+            _subtitleParser = subtitleParser;
         }
 
         private string SubtitleCachePath => Path.Combine(_appPaths.DataPath, "subtitles");
@@ -73,8 +76,7 @@ namespace MediaBrowser.MediaEncoding.Subtitles
 
             try
             {
-                var reader = GetReader(inputFormat);
-                var trackInfo = reader.Parse(stream, cancellationToken);
+                var trackInfo = _subtitleParser.Parse(stream, inputFormat);
 
                 FilterEvents(trackInfo, startTimeTicks, endTimeTicks, preserveOriginalTimestamps);
 
@@ -233,7 +235,8 @@ namespace MediaBrowser.MediaEncoding.Subtitles
             var currentFormat = (Path.GetExtension(subtitleStream.Path) ?? subtitleStream.Codec)
                 .TrimStart('.');
 
-            if (!TryGetReader(currentFormat, out _))
+            // Fallback to ffmpeg conversion
+            if (!_subtitleParser.SupportsFileExtension(currentFormat))
             {
                 // Convert
                 var outputPath = GetSubtitleCachePath(mediaSource, subtitleStream.Index, ".srt");
@@ -243,44 +246,10 @@ namespace MediaBrowser.MediaEncoding.Subtitles
                 return new SubtitleInfo(outputPath, MediaProtocol.File, "srt", true);
             }
 
-            // It's possbile that the subtitleStream and mediaSource don't share the same protocol (e.g. .STRM file with local subs)
+            // It's possible that the subtitleStream and mediaSource don't share the same protocol (e.g. .STRM file with local subs)
             return new SubtitleInfo(subtitleStream.Path, _mediaSourceManager.GetPathProtocol(subtitleStream.Path), currentFormat, true);
         }
 
-        private bool TryGetReader(string format, [NotNullWhen(true)] out ISubtitleParser? value)
-        {
-            if (string.Equals(format, SubtitleFormat.SRT, StringComparison.OrdinalIgnoreCase))
-            {
-                value = new SrtParser(_logger);
-                return true;
-            }
-
-            if (string.Equals(format, SubtitleFormat.SSA, StringComparison.OrdinalIgnoreCase))
-            {
-                value = new SsaParser(_logger);
-                return true;
-            }
-
-            if (string.Equals(format, SubtitleFormat.ASS, StringComparison.OrdinalIgnoreCase))
-            {
-                value = new AssParser(_logger);
-                return true;
-            }
-
-            value = null;
-            return false;
-        }
-
-        private ISubtitleParser GetReader(string format)
-        {
-            if (TryGetReader(format, out var reader))
-            {
-                return reader;
-            }
-
-            throw new ArgumentException("Unsupported format: " + format);
-        }
-
         private bool TryGetWriter(string format, [NotNullWhen(true)] out ISubtitleWriter? value)
         {
             if (string.Equals(format, SubtitleFormat.ASS, StringComparison.OrdinalIgnoreCase))
diff --git a/MediaBrowser.Providers/TV/SeriesMetadataService.cs b/MediaBrowser.Providers/TV/SeriesMetadataService.cs
index f49492f337..c09b6d8138 100644
--- a/MediaBrowser.Providers/TV/SeriesMetadataService.cs
+++ b/MediaBrowser.Providers/TV/SeriesMetadataService.cs
@@ -8,6 +8,7 @@ using System.Linq;
 using System.Threading;
 using System.Threading.Tasks;
 using MediaBrowser.Controller.Configuration;
+using MediaBrowser.Controller.Dto;
 using MediaBrowser.Controller.Entities.TV;
 using MediaBrowser.Controller.Library;
 using MediaBrowser.Controller.Providers;
@@ -40,6 +41,7 @@ namespace MediaBrowser.Providers.TV
         {
             await base.AfterMetadataRefresh(item, refreshOptions, cancellationToken).ConfigureAwait(false);
 
+            RemoveObsoleteEpisodes(item);
             RemoveObsoleteSeasons(item);
             await FillInMissingSeasonsAsync(item, cancellationToken).ConfigureAwait(false);
         }
@@ -121,6 +123,61 @@ namespace MediaBrowser.Providers.TV
             }
         }
 
+        private void RemoveObsoleteEpisodes(Series series)
+        {
+            var episodes = series.GetEpisodes(null, new DtoOptions()).OfType<Episode>().ToList();
+            var numberOfEpisodes = episodes.Count;
+            // TODO: O(n^2), but can it be done faster without overcomplicating it?
+            for (var i = 0; i < numberOfEpisodes; i++)
+            {
+                var currentEpisode = episodes[i];
+                // The outer loop only examines virtual episodes
+                if (!currentEpisode.IsVirtualItem)
+                {
+                    continue;
+                }
+
+                // Virtual episodes without an episode number are practically orphaned and should be deleted
+                if (!currentEpisode.IndexNumber.HasValue)
+                {
+                    DeleteEpisode(currentEpisode);
+                    continue;
+                }
+
+                for (var j = i + 1; j < numberOfEpisodes; j++)
+                {
+                    var comparisonEpisode = episodes[j];
+                    // The inner loop is only for "physical" episodes
+                    if (comparisonEpisode.IsVirtualItem
+                        || currentEpisode.ParentIndexNumber != comparisonEpisode.ParentIndexNumber
+                        || !comparisonEpisode.ContainsEpisodeNumber(currentEpisode.IndexNumber.Value))
+                    {
+                        continue;
+                    }
+
+                    DeleteEpisode(currentEpisode);
+                    break;
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        private void DeleteEpisode(Episode episode)
+        {
+            Logger.LogInformation(
+                "Removing virtual episode S{SeasonNumber}E{EpisodeNumber} in series {SeriesName}",
+                episode.ParentIndexNumber,
+                episode.IndexNumber,
+                episode.SeriesName);
+
+            LibraryManager.DeleteItem(
+                episode,
+                new DeleteOptions
+                {
+                    DeleteFileLocation = true
+                },
+                false);
+        }
+
         /// <summary>
         /// Creates seasons for all episodes that aren't in a season folder.
         /// If no season number can be determined, a dummy season will be created.
diff --git a/tests/Jellyfin.MediaEncoding.Tests/Subtitles/AssParserTests.cs b/tests/Jellyfin.MediaEncoding.Tests/Subtitles/AssParserTests.cs
index 3775555dec..e14850eed7 100644
--- a/tests/Jellyfin.MediaEncoding.Tests/Subtitles/AssParserTests.cs
+++ b/tests/Jellyfin.MediaEncoding.Tests/Subtitles/AssParserTests.cs
@@ -15,7 +15,7 @@ namespace Jellyfin.MediaEncoding.Subtitles.Tests
         {
             using (var stream = File.OpenRead("Test Data/example.ass"))
             {
-                var parsed = new AssParser(new NullLogger<AssParser>()).Parse(stream, CancellationToken.None);
+                var parsed = new SubtitleEditParser(new NullLogger<SubtitleEditParser>()).Parse(stream, "ass");
                 Assert.Single(parsed.TrackEvents);
                 var trackEvent = parsed.TrackEvents[0];
 
diff --git a/tests/Jellyfin.MediaEncoding.Tests/Subtitles/SrtParserTests.cs b/tests/Jellyfin.MediaEncoding.Tests/Subtitles/SrtParserTests.cs
index c07c9ea7db..0038b18736 100644
--- a/tests/Jellyfin.MediaEncoding.Tests/Subtitles/SrtParserTests.cs
+++ b/tests/Jellyfin.MediaEncoding.Tests/Subtitles/SrtParserTests.cs
@@ -15,7 +15,7 @@ namespace Jellyfin.MediaEncoding.Subtitles.Tests
         {
             using (var stream = File.OpenRead("Test Data/example.srt"))
             {
-                var parsed = new SrtParser(new NullLogger<SrtParser>()).Parse(stream, CancellationToken.None);
+                var parsed = new SubtitleEditParser(new NullLogger<SubtitleEditParser>()).Parse(stream, "srt");
                 Assert.Equal(2, parsed.TrackEvents.Count);
 
                 var trackEvent1 = parsed.TrackEvents[0];
@@ -37,7 +37,7 @@ namespace Jellyfin.MediaEncoding.Subtitles.Tests
         {
             using (var stream = File.OpenRead("Test Data/example2.srt"))
             {
-                var parsed = new SrtParser(new NullLogger<SrtParser>()).Parse(stream, CancellationToken.None);
+                var parsed = new SubtitleEditParser(new NullLogger<SubtitleEditParser>()).Parse(stream, "srt");
                 Assert.Equal(2, parsed.TrackEvents.Count);
 
                 var trackEvent1 = parsed.TrackEvents[0];
diff --git a/tests/Jellyfin.MediaEncoding.Tests/Subtitles/SsaParserTests.cs b/tests/Jellyfin.MediaEncoding.Tests/Subtitles/SsaParserTests.cs
index 56649db8f8..3b9a71690c 100644
--- a/tests/Jellyfin.MediaEncoding.Tests/Subtitles/SsaParserTests.cs
+++ b/tests/Jellyfin.MediaEncoding.Tests/Subtitles/SsaParserTests.cs
@@ -13,7 +13,7 @@ namespace Jellyfin.MediaEncoding.Subtitles.Tests
 {
     public class SsaParserTests
     {
-        private readonly SsaParser _parser = new SsaParser(new NullLogger<AssParser>());
+        private readonly SubtitleEditParser _parser = new SubtitleEditParser(new NullLogger<SubtitleEditParser>());
 
         [Theory]
         [MemberData(nameof(Parse_MultipleDialogues_TestData))]
@@ -21,7 +21,7 @@ namespace Jellyfin.MediaEncoding.Subtitles.Tests
         {
             using (Stream stream = new MemoryStream(Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes(ssa)))
             {
-                SubtitleTrackInfo subtitleTrackInfo = _parser.Parse(stream, CancellationToken.None);
+                SubtitleTrackInfo subtitleTrackInfo = _parser.Parse(stream, "ssa");
 
                 Assert.Equal(expectedSubtitleTrackEvents.Count, subtitleTrackInfo.TrackEvents.Count);
 
@@ -76,7 +76,7 @@ namespace Jellyfin.MediaEncoding.Subtitles.Tests
         {
             using (var stream = File.OpenRead("Test Data/example.ssa"))
             {
-                var parsed = _parser.Parse(stream, CancellationToken.None);
+                var parsed = _parser.Parse(stream, "ssa");
                 Assert.Single(parsed.TrackEvents);
                 var trackEvent = parsed.TrackEvents[0];